American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM) Practice Exam

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What is the recommended treatment for children aged 60 days to 5 years with CAP?

Amoxicillin
Azithromycin
Ciprofloxacin
Supportive care

The correct answer is: Amoxicillin

The recommended treatment for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children aged 60 days to 5 years is amoxicillin. This recommendation is based on the typical causative organisms in this age group, primarily Streptococcus pneumoniae and other bacterial pathogens that are sensitive to amoxicillin. Amoxicillin is a narrow-spectrum penicillin antibiotic that has shown effective coverage against the common bacteria that cause CAP in young children. It is generally well-tolerated, has a favorable safety profile, and is recommended as a first-line treatment due to its efficacy in treating mild to moderate pneumonia. Other options, such as azithromycin, may be considered in specific cases, particularly when atypical pneumonia is suspected or in patients with penicillin allergies; however, they are not the first-line treatment for uncomplicated cases. Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, is not routinely recommended for pediatric use due to concerns regarding potential side effects and the development of antibiotic resistance. Supportive care is also important in managing pneumonia but does not serve as a primary treatment for the infection itself. Therefore, amoxicillin stands out as the most appropriate and recommended therapy for managing CAP in children in this specific age group.